Process of making candy.



PATENTED MAY 30, 1905.

P. H. RICHARDS. PROCESS OF MAKING CANDY.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 14- 1904.

4 SHEETS$HEET 1.

Mayo mmmmmw w sAc-un'n Wlmmns nm: a PHIJD "w my PATENTED MAY 30, 1905.

P. H. RICHARDS.

PROCESS OF MAKING CANDY.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 14. 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED MAY 30, 1905] F. H. RICHARDS. PROCESS OF MAKING CANDY.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 14 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

PATENTED MAY 30, 1905.

F. H. RICHARDS. PROCESS OF MAKING CANDY.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 14. 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

am; 5 z n hm who NITED STATES Patented May 30, 1905.

PATENT FHCE.

PROCESS OF MAKING CANDY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 790,920, dated May 30,1905.

Application filed June 14, 1904. Serial No. 212,453.

Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inProcesses of Making Candy, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to and has for an object to provide an improvedprocess of making candy, and relates more particularly to that part ofthe candy-making art having to do with the pulling and working of thecandy. In this improved process the mass of candy is subjected to theoperation of pulling in such manner as to draw the mass out into aplurality of strands,which are then lapped upon each other, and the endsof the mass so formed are folded over onto and just beyond the middleportion of the mass, which at the middle part thereof is then kneadedtogether, thereby to firmly unite or bond the strands into a relativelysolid mass, whereupon the drawing and lapping operations are repeated asbefore. This novel feature or process results in favorably modifying thedrawing operations, since the kneading together of the lapped strands sochanges these as to secure a high degree of integrality in the mass,considered as a whole, with the result that when the pulling operationsare repeated the flowage of the candy in the mass is controlled andmodified and the efficiency of the operations materially improved.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specificationthe working of the process is illustrated, as is also a machine which iscapable of use in carrying out such process.

Sheets 1, 2, and 3 of the drawings illustrate the various steps in theworking of the process, in which sheets Figures 1 to 6 are included andeach of which figures shows one-sixth of an angular advance in a circleof movements beyond that shown in the preceding view.

Each of the steps which each figure of the drawings above referred toillustrates may, as a brief preface to the detailed description which isto follow, be stated. Fig. 1 shows the commencement of the drawing outof the kneaded mass. Fig. 2 shows pulling out three long drafts; Fig. 3,making three long laps of such drafts; Fig. 4%, pulling the ends intotwo short supplemental drafts; Fig. 5, lapping down the two shortdrafts, making five strands in the center. Fig. 6 shows kneading thecentral mass to consolidate the five strands or laps. Fig. 7 is an endelevation of aform of machine which may be used in carrying out theprocess. Fig. 8 is a 'plan view thereof, partly broken away to revealcertain of the working mechanism; and Fig. 9 is a side elevation. partlyin centralsection, also partly broken away for a similar purpose.

In describing the process or method involved in the present inventionthe figures of the drawings will befound useful, and for the present itwill be assumed that the pullingarms are operated in some manner similarto that shown in Sheet 4 of the drawings. There are illustrated a pairof pulling-arms 10 and 11, respectively, which arms are adapted torevolve in a circular orbit, (illustrated by dotted lines 12 and movingin the direction of of the arrows placed adjacent thereto,) and thesearms in the present description may for brevity be called the revolublearms. There are also shown a pair of pulling-arms 14 and 15, which areadapted to reciprocate toward and from each other. In the presentillustration the arms travel upon arcs of circles,

they being mounted upon suitable oscillatory arms or levers in themechanism shown in Figs. 7 to 9. Such arms are adapted to move towardand from each other in unison and toward and from the center of theorbit 12. The path of movement of such arms passes within and withoutthe orbit of revolution of the revoluble arms, and assuming that thearms 14 and 15 are so related by the mechanical connections with themeans for revolving the other arms that they will each approach andrecede from said orbital axis once during each revolution then each ofthe reciprocatory arms will in traversing its path of reciprocationintercept the path of movement of each of the revoluble arms once,moving across the path of one arm toward the center of the orbit thereofand once across the path of the other arm, moving outwardly from suchcenthe previous folding, and, as illustrated in pass inside of the arm1a and outside of the Fig. 5, the short drafts 50 and 60 are about inarm 15, and the arm 11 will always pass inside of the arm 15 or betweenit and the axis of said orbit and will pass outside of the arm 14;.

The arms above alluded to are useful in performing one of the featuresof this invention, which consists in so moving the various portions ofthe mass of candy that two portions are each moved in a continuoussubstantially circular path, and at the same time two other portions areeach moved simultaneously in a different path, whereby each of thelatter portions will intersect and be intersected by the portionstraversing the circular paths. Moving the portions in different pathswill pull the intermediate portions and will then bring the pulledportions together, and the movement of some of the portions may be suchthat the consolidated pulled portions will be pressed together by theapplication of pressure positively to both sides thereof. By positivepressure is meant pressure brought to bear upon the mass of candybetween two opposing forces moving relatively toward each other incontradistinction from the pressure which would exist by pushing a massof candy against a stretched-"out portion of candy having no support toreact against such pressure.

It will be assumed that the mass of candy represented in theillustration in the various steps of being pulled has been workedsufficient to get it in proper position upon the various pulling-arms,this of course being dependent upon the consistency of the candy byreason of the condition of the temperature, of the atmosphere, &c., andthis mass is shown in Fig. 3 after having been pulled out into threelong drafts (designated, respectively, 20, 30, and and such drafts beinglapped or folded together into three long laps. It will be observed thatin this view the distance between the centers of the arms 11 and and thearms 10 and 14 is considerably less-than the distance between the arms10 and 11,

,whereby in folding the candy into the long laps the revoluble arms laytheir loads together as near the reciprocatable arms as practicable inan even working of the device and in such a manner that practically theentire mass of candy is folded upon itself in three lon'g laps. In Fig.4: the revoluble arms have advanced angularly about sixty degrees andthe reciprocatable arms have moved toward the axis of the said orbit,whereby nearly the entire mass which comprised the strands 20, 80, andis located between and carried by the revoluble arms, and there aredrawn out strands and partly from such mass, but principally from theportions not entering into the three-lapped mass, the strand 50 beingdrawn between the arms 14 and 10 and the strand 60 between the arms 15and 11, and during such drawing the said strands or drafts are beingbrought toward the mass made by position to be folded upon the mass ofthe former folding, and upon continued movement the short drafts arefolded upon the mass, thus making .a mass having five drafts lappedtogether, and, again, it will be noticed that at the period of lapping(see Fig. 5) the distance between centers of the arms 10 and 15 and 11and lt is considerably less than the distance between the arms lO and11, whereby again the lapping of the mass is so performed that the endsof the strands 50 and 60 will be laid over comparatively the entire areaof the central mass upon which they are lapped. Thus it will be seenthat each time the candy is lapped first into the long-lapped mass andthen in the short-lapped mass the ends which are folded over the centralportion are lapped nearly to the extremities of such central portion.Thus the entire mass is folded'upon itself twice during each cycle. InFig. 6 the reciprocatory arms have more nearly approached the axis ofthe orbit and the orbital arms have moved angularly about sixty degreesfrom the position shown in Fig. 5 and during which time substantiallythe entire mass of candy embodying the five-lapped portion 7 0 has beenkneaded together between the reciprocatory arms, which after theyadvance toward each other fold the end portions of the mass past eachother over the middle portion of the mass, then directly knead or pressthe whole mass together in the middle portion thereof, thereby firmlyincorporating the strands together,and so preparing the mass for arepetition of the complete operation. The kneading occurs at a time whencomparatively little pulling action is taking place, after whichkneading the inauguration of the three long drafts will take place, asseen in Fig. 1, which figure illustrates an angular advance of sixtydegrees over Fig. 6. The completion of the three long drafts is shown inFig. 2, which again is an advance of sixty de grees angularly. The threelong drafts there illustrated are lapped together upon an angularadvance of sixty degrees, as shown in Fig. 3, thus making a completecycle and 00- cupying a period of a complete revolution of each of thearms 10 and 11 and a complete reciprocation of each of the arms 14 and15.

During the kneading the outer portions of the drafts last lapped uponthe massas, for instance, in Fig. 6, the ends of the drafts 50 and 60adjacent to the arms 10 and 11, respectively-are partly wrapped aboutthe mass being kneaded, and the mass of candy while being subjected tothe kneading action is, due to such wrapping, also worked. The candyfrom the commencement of the operation to its completion may be kept ina state of continuous unrest.

The machine shown may conveniently be employed in carrying out thisprocess, al-

though it is merely herein shown as a suggestion and to illustrate someof the diagrammatic representations in the other views, the frame ofwhich machine comprises a bed-plate 75, supported upon a base 76, havingsome suitable feet 7 7 The bed plate carries a standard 78 in the formof a housing, which housing has at oppositely-disposed sides hubs 79,which constitute bearings for the drivingshaft (designated by 80). andwhich shaft carries a pulley 81, Which may be driven by a belt from somesuitable source of power. (Not shown.) The driving-shaft has a hub 82fast upon it, from which hub radially project a pair of arms 83 84, oneof which carries the arm 10. and the other of which carries the arm 11,these latter being the revoluble pulling-arms heretofore alluded to.

Dependent from the bed-plate are suitable hangers 85, which supportshafts 86, carrying, respectively, arms or levers 87 88, one of whichcarries one of the arms H and the other the arm 15, heretofore alludedto as the reciprocatory pulling-arms The shafts 86 may be respectivelyprovided with crank or rocker arms 89 90, which cranks may be connectedtogether by a link 92, which may be connected by a link 93, at thepresent instance connected to the pivot 94, which unites the link 92 tothe crank and is also connected to a crank of the driving-shaft, an eyeon the link 93 surrounding such driving-shaft where forming the crank95, whereby the recriprocatory arms will be moved in unison with therevoluble arms.

Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. The process of pullingcandy which consists in pulling the candy into three long drafts, thenfolding it in three long laps, then pulling two short drafts, thenfolding the short drafts upon the previously-folded mass, and thenkneading the lapped mass just prior to the repetition of thefirst-mentioned step.

2. The process of pulling candy which consists of pulling the candy intothree long drafts, one of which is longer than the others, then lappingthe shorter drafts upon the respective sides of the longer draft, andleaving the end overhang the mass, then pulling the overhanging portioninto short drafts, and then folding the short drafts upon the respectivesides of the previously-folded mass, and then kneading the mass.

3. The art of pulling candy which consists of repeatedly pulling a massinto three drafts, lapping the drafts together, leaving two endsprotruding from the lapped .mass, pulling the said ends and folding thesame upon the previously-lapped mass.

4. The art of pulling candy which consists of repeatedly pulling a massinto three drafts, lapping the drafts together, leaving two endsprotruding from the lapped mass, pulling the said ends and folding thesame upon the previously-lapped. mass, and then kneading the whole.

5. The art which consists of working a mass of candy into a plurality oflaps by repeated pullings and foldings, the folding and pullingproceeding by an alternation of a number of long and a number of shortdrafts.

6. The art of making candy which consists of pulling the mass. of candyinto long drafts, lapping the drafts together, then pulling two shortdrafts from the lapped mass and folding the short drafts upon therespective sides of the previously-folded mass, leaving the ends of thedraft overhang the mass, then kneading the lapped mass and wrapping theoverhanging portions about'the mass being kneaded and thereby workingthe same during the kneading.

7. The method of making candy which consists in moving two portions ofthe mass of candy each in a continuous circular path, and simultaneouslymoving two other portions each in a difierent path alternatelyintersecting and being intersected by the portions ti aversing thecircular paths.

8. The method of making candy which consists in moving one portion of amass of candy in a continuous path, simultaneously moving anotherportion in a different path to pull an intermediate portion, thenbringing together the pulled portions, and then consolidating the saidportions by the application of pressure to both sides thereof.

9. The art of making candy which consists of repeatedly forming the massof candy into a plurality of folded laps and kneading the folded massafter each such formation by pressure applied upon its opposite sides.

10. The art of making candy which consists of repeatedly drawing andlapping a mass of candy into a plurality of drafts folded together, andafter each such folding positively pressing the same from opposite sidesto bring the several portions of the said folded mass into intimateunion.

11. In the art of making candy which consists in pulling the candy intodrafts, lapping the drafts into a mass, leaving the ends of the draftsoverhang the lapped mass, then applying positive pressure to both sidesof the mass to knead the same and wrapping the overhanging ends aboutthe mass while the same is being kneaded and thereby working the same.

Signed at Nos. 9 to 15 Murray street, New York, 'N. Y., this 13th day ofJune, 1904:.

FRANCIS H. RICHARDS.

WVitnesses:

FRED. J. DOLE, CHAS. LYON RUssELL.

